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<title>Pascal Quignard</title>

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Pascal Quignard

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Pascal Quignard</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Quignard in 2013</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">(1948-04-23)April 23, 1948 <a href="Verneuil-sur-Avre" title="Verneuil-sur-Avre">Verneuil-sur-Avre</a>, <a href="Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a>, <a href="France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Writer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="French_language" title="French language">French</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="France" title="France">French</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">Fiction, essay</td></tr></tbody></table>

Pascal Quignard (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">

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</style>French: [kiɲaʁ]; born 23 April 1948) is a French writer born in <a href="Verneuil-sur-Avre" title="Verneuil-sur-Avre">Verneuil-sur-Avre</a>, <a href="Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> In 2002 his novel Les Ombres errantes (The Roving Shadows) won the <a href="Prix_Goncourt" title="Prix Goncourt">Prix Goncourt</a>, France's top literary prize.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Terrasse à Rome (A Terrace in Rome), received the <a href="Grand_Prix_du_roman_de_l'Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française">French Academy prize</a> in 2000. In 1980 Carus had been awarded the Prix des Critiques. He also won the 2023 <a href="Prix_Formentor" title="Prix Formentor">Prix Formentor</a>.

Among Quignard's most commented-upon works are his eighty-four "Little Treatises" (Petits traités), first published in 1990 by Maeght. But his most popular book is probably <a href="All_the_World's_Mornings" title="All the World's Mornings">All the World's Mornings</a> (Tous les matins du monde), about 17th-century viola de gamba player <a href="Marin_Marais" title="Marin Marais">Marin Marais</a> and his teacher, <a href="Monsieur_de_Sainte-Colombe" title="Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe">Sainte-Colombe</a>, which was adapted for the screen in 1991, by director <a href="Alain_Corneau" title="Alain Corneau">Alain Corneau</a>. Quignard wrote the screenplay of the film, in collaboration with Corneau. <a href="Tous_les_matins_du_monde_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tous les matins du monde (film)">Tous les matins du monde</a>, starring <a href="Jean-Pierre_Marielle" title="Jean-Pierre Marielle">Jean-Pierre Marielle</a>, <a href="G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a> and son <a href="Guillaume_Depardieu" title="Guillaume Depardieu">Guillaume Depardieu</a>, was a tremendous success in France and sold 2 million tickets in the first year. It was subsequently distributed in 31 countries, and released in 1992 in the United States. The soundtrack was certified platinum (500,000 copies) and contributed to musician <a href="Jordi_Savall" title="Jordi Savall">Jordi Savall</a>’s international celebrity.

Quignard has also translated works from the Latin (Porcius Latro), Chinese (Kong-souen Long), and Greek (Lycophron).

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels,_novellas,_récit">Novels, novellas, récit</h3></div>

<ul><li>Le Lecteur (<a href="%C3%89ditions_Gallimard" title="Éditions Gallimard">Gallimard</a>, 1976)</li>

<li>Carus (Gallimard, 1979)</li>

<li>Les Tablettes de buis d’Apronenia Avitia (Gallimard, 1984). On Wooden Tablets: Apronenia Avitia, trans. Bruce X (<a href="Burning_Deck_Press" title="Burning Deck Press">Burning Deck</a>, 2001)</li>

<li>Le Salon du Wurtemberg (Gallimard, 1986). The Salon in Württemberg, trans. Barbara Bray (<a href="Grove_Press" title="Grove Press">Grove Weidenfeld</a>, 1991)</li>

<li>Les Escaliers de Chambord (Gallimard, 1989)</li>

<li>Tous les matins du monde (Gallimard, 1991). <a href="All_the_World's_Mornings" title="All the World's Mornings">All the World's Mornings</a>, trans. James Kirkup (<a href="Graywolf_Press" title="Graywolf Press">Graywolf Press</a>, 1993)</li>

<li>L'Amour conjugal (Patrice Trigano, 1994)</li>

<li>L'Occupation américaine (<a href="%C3%89ditions_du_Seuil" title="Éditions du Seuil">Seuil</a>, 1994)</li></ul>

<ul><li>Dernier Royaume (Last Kingdom) series (1997–ongoing):

<ol><li>Les Ombres errantes (<a href="%C3%89ditions_Grasset" title="Éditions Grasset">Grasset</a>, 2002). <a href="The_Roving_Shadows" title="The Roving Shadows">The Roving Shadows</a>, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2011)</li>

<li>Sur le jadis (Grasset, 2002). The Fount of Time, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2021)</li>

<li>Abîmes (Grasset, 2002). Abysses, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2015)</li>

<li>Les Paradisiaques (Grasset, 2005). The Paradisiacs, trans. John Taylor (Seagull Books, 2026)</li>

<li>Sordidissimes (Grasset, 2005)</li>

<li>La Barque silencieuse (Le Seuil, 2009). The Silent Crossing, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2013)</li>

<li>Les Désarçonnés (Grasset, 2012). The Unsaddled, trans. John Taylor (Seagull Books, 2023)</li>

<li>Vie secrète (Gallimard, 1997)</li>

<li>Mourir de penser (Grasset, 2014). Dying of Thinking, trans. John Taylor (Seagull Books, 2024)</li>

<li>L'Enfant d'Ingolstadt (Grasset, 2018)</li>

<li>L'Homme aux trois lettres (Grasset, 2020)</li>

<li>Les Heures heureuses (Albin Michel, 2023)</li></ol></li></ul>

<ul><li>Terrasse à Rome (Gallimard, 2000). A Terrace in Rome, trans. Douglas Penick and Charles Ré (Wakefield Press, 2016)</li>

<li>Requiem (Galilée, 2006)</li>

<li>Villa Amalia (Gallimard, 2006). <a href="Villa_Amalia_(novel)" title="Villa Amalia (novel)">Villa Amalia</a>, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2018)</li>

<li>Le Petit Cupidon (Galilée, 2006)</li>

<li>Les Solidarités mystérieuses (Gallimard, 2011). Mysterious Solidarities, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2021)</li>

<li>Les Larmes (Grasset, 2016). The Tears, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2023)</li>

<li>Dans ce jardin qu'on aimait (Grasset, 2017)</li>

<li>L'Amour, la Mer (Gallimard, 2022)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_stories">Short stories</h3></div>

<ul><li>Éthelrude et Wolframm (Galilée, 2006)</li>

<li>Le Secret du domaine, illustrations by Jean Garonnaire (Éditions de l’Amitié, 1980). Reprinted in 2006 under the title L'Enfant au visage couleur de la mort</li>

<li>Triomphe du temps (Galilée, 2006)</li>

<li>Princesse Vieille Reine (Galilée, 2015)</li>

<li>Le Chant du marais (Chandeigne, 2016)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essays_and_other">Essays and other</h3></div>

<ul><li>L'Être du balbutiement (<a href="Mercure_de_France" title="Mercure de France">Mercure de France</a>, 1969)</li>

<li>La Parole de la Délie : essai sur Maurice Scève (Mercure de France, 1974)</li>

<li>Michel Deguy (Seghers, 1975)</li>

<li>Sarx (Maeght, 1977). Sarx, trans. Keith Waldrop (<a href="Burning_Deck_Press" title="Burning Deck Press">Burning Deck Press</a>, 1997)</li></ul>

<ul><li>Petits traités (Little Treatises) series (1981–90):

<ul><li>Petits traités, Book I (Clivages, 1981)</li>

<li>Petits traités, Book II (Clivages, 1983)</li>

<li>Petits traités, Book III (Clivages, 1984)</li>

<li>Petits traités, Books I to VIII (Maeght, 1990)</li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>Le Vœu de silence: essai sur Louis-René des Forêts (éditions Fata Morgana, 1985)</li>

<li>Albucius (POL, 1990). Albucius, trans. Bruce Boone (The Lapis Press, 1992)</li>

<li>Le Sexe et l'Effroi (Gallimard, 1994). Sex and Terror, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2011)</li>

<li>La Haine de la musique (<a href="Calmann-L%C3%A9vy" title="Calmann-Lévy">Calmann-Lévy</a>, 1996). The Hatred of Music, trans. Matthew Amos and Fredrik Rönnbäck (<a href="Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, 2016)</li>

<li>La Nuit sexuelle (<a href="Groupe_Flammarion" title="Groupe Flammarion">Flammarion</a>, 2007). The Sexual Night, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2015)</li>

<li>La Réponse à Lord Chandos (Éditions Galilée, 2020). The Answer to Lord Chandos, trans. Stéphanie Boulard and Timothy Lavenz (<a href="Wakefield_Press_(US)" title="Wakefield Press (US)">Wakefield Press</a>, 2024)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books_translated_in_English">Books translated in English</h3></div>

<ul><li>The Salon in Württemberg, trans. Barbara Bray (Grove Weidenfeld, 1991)</li>

<li>Albucius, trans. Bruce Boone (The Lapis Press, 1992)</li>

<li><a href="All_the_World's_Mornings" title="All the World's Mornings">All the World's Mornings</a>, trans. James Kirkup (Graywolf Press, 1993)</li>

<li>Sarx, trans. Keith Waldrop (<a href="Burning_Deck_Press" title="Burning Deck Press">Burning Deck Press</a>, 1997)</li>

<li>On Wooden, 1997 Tablets: Apronenia Avitia (Burning Deck Press, 2001)</li>

<li><a href="The_Roving_Shadows" title="The Roving Shadows">The Roving Shadows</a>, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2011)</li>

<li>Sex and Terror, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2011)</li>

<li>The Silent Crossing, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2013)</li>

<li>Abysses, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2015)</li>

<li>The Sexual Night, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2015)</li>

<li>A Terrace in Rome, trans. Douglas Penick and Charles Ré (Wakefield Press, 2016)</li>

<li>The Hatred of Music, trans. Matthew Amos and Fredrik Rönnbäck (<a href="Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, 2016)</li>

<li><a href="Villa_Amalia_(novel)" title="Villa Amalia (novel)">Villa Amalia</a>, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2018)</li>

<li>Mysterious Solidarities, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2021)</li>

<li>The Fount of Time, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2021)</li>

<li>The Tears, trans. Chris Turner (Seagull Books, 2023)</li>

<li>The Unsaddled, trans. John Taylor (Seagull Books, 2023)</li>

<li>Dying of Thinking, trans. John Taylor (Seagull Books, 2024)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2></div>

<ul><li>1980: Prix des Critiques, for Carus</li>

<li>1991: <a href="Prix_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Prix de la langue française">Prix de la langue française</a></li>

<li>1998: <a href="Grand_prix_de_litt%C3%A9rature_de_la_SGDL" title="Grand prix de littérature de la SGDL">Grand prix de littérature de la SGDL</a>, for Vie secrète</li>

<li>1998: Grand prix du roman de la Ville de Paris</li>

<li>2000: <a href="Grand_Prix_du_roman_de_l'Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française">Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française</a>, for Terrasse à Rome</li>

<li>2000: Prix de la Fondation Prince Pierre de Monaco</li>

<li>2002: <a href="Prix_Goncourt" title="Prix Goncourt">Prix Goncourt</a>, for Les Ombres errantes</li>

<li>2006: <a href="Grand_prix_Jean_Giono" title="Grand prix Jean Giono">Grand prix Jean Giono</a>, for Villa Amalia</li>

<li>2023: <a href="Prix_Formentor" title="Prix Formentor">Prix Formentor</a> for his body of work</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFRavel2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ravel, Agnès Cousin de (15 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RStHDwAAQBAJ">Pascal Quignard: Vies, oeuvres</a> (in French). Editions L'Harmattan. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-2-14-005917-9</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-26532790_ITM">"Pascal Quignard wins France's top literary prize"</a>. Europe Intelligence Wire. 28 October 2002.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibliomonde.com/pages/fiche-auteur.php3?id_auteur=424">Biography</a> (in French)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721193920/http://auteurs.contemporain.info/pascal-quignard/">Critical bibliography (Auteurs.contemporain.info)</a> (in French)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,6109,821066,00.html">Book of literary shadows wins Goncourt prize</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Pascal_Quignard50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="All_the_World's_Mornings" title="All the World's Mornings">All the World's Mornings</a> (1991)</li>

<li><a href="The_Roving_Shadows" title="The Roving Shadows">The Roving Shadows</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="Villa_Amalia_(novel)" title="Villa Amalia (novel)">Villa Amalia</a> (2006)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tous_les_Matins_du_Monde" title="Tous les Matins du Monde">Tous les Matins du Monde</a> (1991)</li>

<li><a href="New_World_(1995_film)" title="New World (1995 film)">New World</a> (1995)</li>

<li><a href="Villa_Amalia_(film)" title="Villa Amalia (film)">Villa Amalia</a> (2009)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="A_Pure_Formality" title="A Pure Formality">A Pure Formality</a> (1994)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prix_Goncourt92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prix_Goncourt92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="Prix_Goncourt" title="Prix Goncourt">Prix Goncourt</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1903–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>1903 <a href="John_Antoine_Nau" title="John Antoine Nau">John Antoine Nau</a></li>

<li>1904 <a href="L%C3%A9on_Frapi%C3%A9" title="Léon Frapié">Léon Frapié</a></li>

<li>1905 <a href="Claude_Farr%C3%A8re" title="Claude Farrère">Claude Farrère</a></li>

<li>1906 <a href="J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Tharaud" title="Jérôme Tharaud">Jérôme Tharaud</a> and <a href="Jean_Tharaud" title="Jean Tharaud">Jean Tharaud</a></li>

<li>1907 <a href="%C3%89mile_Moselly" title="Émile Moselly">Émile Moselly</a></li>

<li>1908 <a href="Francis_de_Miomandre" title="Francis de Miomandre">Francis de Miomandre</a></li>

<li>1909 <a href="Marius-Ary_Leblond" title="Marius-Ary Leblond">Marius-Ary Leblond</a></li>

<li>1910 <a href="Louis_Pergaud" title="Louis Pergaud">Louis Pergaud</a></li>

<li>1911 <a href="Alphonse_de_Ch%C3%A2teaubriant" title="Alphonse de Châteaubriant">Alphonse de Châteaubriant</a></li>

<li>1912 <a href="Andr%C3%A9_Savignon" title="André Savignon">André Savignon</a></li>

<li>1913 <a href="Marc_Elder" title="Marc Elder">Marc Elder</a></li>

<li>1914 <a href="Adrien_Bertrand" title="Adrien Bertrand">Adrien Bertrand</a></li>

<li>1915 <a href="Ren%C3%A9_Benjamin" title="René Benjamin">René Benjamin</a></li>

<li>1916 <a href="Henri_Barbusse" title="Henri Barbusse">Henri Barbusse</a></li>

<li>1917 <a href="Henry_Malherbe" title="Henry Malherbe">Henry Malherbe</a></li>

<li>1918 <a href="Georges_Duhamel_(author)" title="Georges Duhamel (author)">Georges Duhamel</a></li>

<li>1919 <a href="Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Marcel Proust</a></li>

<li>1920 <a href="Ernest_P%C3%A9rochon" title="Ernest Pérochon">Ernest Pérochon</a></li>

<li>1921 <a href="Ren%C3%A9_Maran" title="René Maran">René Maran</a></li>

<li>1922 <a href="Henri_B%C3%A9raud" title="Henri Béraud">Henri Béraud</a></li>

<li>1923 <a href="Lucien_Fabre" title="Lucien Fabre">Lucien Fabre</a></li>

<li>1924 <a href="Thierry_Sandre" title="Thierry Sandre">Thierry Sandre</a></li>

<li>1925 <a href="Maurice_Genevoix" title="Maurice Genevoix">Maurice Genevoix</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>1926 <a href="Henri_Deberly" title="Henri Deberly">Henri Deberly</a></li>

<li>1927 <a href="Maurice_Bedel" title="Maurice Bedel">Maurice Bedel</a></li>

<li>1928 <a href="Maurice_Constantin-Weyer" title="Maurice Constantin-Weyer">Maurice Constantin-Weyer</a></li>

<li>1929 <a href="Marcel_Arland" title="Marcel Arland">Marcel Arland</a></li>

<li>1930 <a href="Henri_Fauconnier" title="Henri Fauconnier">Henri Fauconnier</a></li>

<li>1931 <a href="Jean_Fayard" title="Jean Fayard">Jean Fayard</a></li>

<li>1932 <a href="Guy_Mazeline" title="Guy Mazeline">Guy Mazeline</a></li>

<li>1933 <a href="Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">André Malraux</a></li>

<li>1934 <a href="Roger_Vercel" title="Roger Vercel">Roger Vercel</a></li>

<li>1935 <a href="Joseph_Peyr%C3%A9" title="Joseph Peyré">Joseph Peyré</a></li>

<li>1936 <a href="Maxence_Van_der_Meersch" title="Maxence Van der Meersch">Maxence Van der Meersch</a></li>

<li>1937 <a href="Charles_Plisnier" title="Charles Plisnier">Charles Plisnier</a></li>

<li>1938 <a href="Henri_Troyat" title="Henri Troyat">Henri Troyat</a></li>

<li>1939 <a href="Philippe_H%C3%A9riat" title="Philippe Hériat">Philippe Hériat</a></li>

<li>1940 <a href="Francis_Ambri%C3%A8re" title="Francis Ambrière">Francis Ambrière</a></li>

<li>1941 <a href="Henri_Pourrat" title="Henri Pourrat">Henri Pourrat</a></li>

<li>1942 <a href="Marc_Bernard" title="Marc Bernard">Marc Bernard</a></li>

<li>1943 <a href="Marius_Grout" title="Marius Grout">Marius Grout</a></li>

<li>1944 <a href="Elsa_Triolet" title="Elsa Triolet">Elsa Triolet</a></li>

<li>1945 <a href="Jean-Louis_Bory" title="Jean-Louis Bory">Jean-Louis Bory</a></li>

<li>1946 <a href="Jean-Jacques_Gautier" title="Jean-Jacques Gautier">Jean-Jacques Gautier</a></li>

<li>1947 <a href="Jean-Louis_Curtis" title="Jean-Louis Curtis">Jean-Louis Curtis</a></li>

<li>1948 <a href="Maurice_Druon" title="Maurice Druon">Maurice Druon</a></li>

<li>1949 <a href="Robert_Merle" title="Robert Merle">Robert Merle</a></li>

<li>1950 <a href="Paul_Colin_(writer)" title="Paul Colin (writer)">Paul Colin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>1951 <a href="Julien_Gracq" title="Julien Gracq">Julien Gracq</a></li>

<li>1952 <a href="B%C3%A9atrix_Beck" title="Béatrix Beck">Béatrix Beck</a></li>

<li>1953 <a href="Pierre_Gascar" title="Pierre Gascar">Pierre Gascar</a></li>

<li>1954 <a href="Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a></li>

<li>1955 <a href="Roger_Ikor" title="Roger Ikor">Roger Ikor</a></li>

<li>1956 <a href="Romain_Gary" title="Romain Gary">Romain Gary</a></li>

<li>1957 <a href="Roger_Vailland" title="Roger Vailland">Roger Vailland</a></li>

<li>1958 <a href="Francis_Walder" title="Francis Walder">Francis Walder</a></li>

<li>1959 <a href="Andr%C3%A9_Schwarz-Bart" title="André Schwarz-Bart">André Schwarz-Bart</a></li>

<li>1960 <a href="Vintil%C4%83_Horia" title="Vintilă Horia">Vintilă Horia</a></li>

<li>1962 <a href="Anna_Langfus" title="Anna Langfus">Anna Langfus</a></li>

<li>1963 <a href="Armand_Lanoux" title="Armand Lanoux">Armand Lanoux</a></li>

<li>1964 <a href="Georges_Conchon" title="Georges Conchon">Georges Conchon</a></li>

<li>1965 <a href="Jacques_Borel" title="Jacques Borel">Jacques Borel</a></li>

<li>1966 <a href="Edmonde_Charles-Roux" title="Edmonde Charles-Roux">Edmonde Charles-Roux</a></li>

<li>1967 <a href="Andr%C3%A9_Pieyre_de_Mandiargues" title="André Pieyre de Mandiargues">André Pieyre de Mandiargues</a></li>

<li>1968 <a href="Bernard_Clavel" title="Bernard Clavel">Bernard Clavel</a></li>

<li>1969 <a href="F%C3%A9licien_Marceau" title="Félicien Marceau">Félicien Marceau</a></li>

<li>1970 <a href="Michel_Tournier" title="Michel Tournier">Michel Tournier</a></li>

<li>1971 <a href="Jacques_Laurent" title="Jacques Laurent">Jacques Laurent</a></li>

<li>1972 <a href="Jean_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean Carrière">Jean Carrière</a></li>

<li>1973 <a href="Jacques_Chessex" title="Jacques Chessex">Jacques Chessex</a></li>

<li>1974 <a href="Pascal_Lain%C3%A9" title="Pascal Lainé">Pascal Lainé</a></li>

<li>1975 <a href="Romain_Gary" title="Romain Gary">Émile Ajar</a> (Romain Gary)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>1976 <a href="Patrick_Grainville" title="Patrick Grainville">Patrick Grainville</a></li>

<li>1977 <a href="Didier_Decoin" title="Didier Decoin">Didier Decoin</a></li>

<li>1978 <a href="Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Patrick Modiano</a></li>

<li>1979 <a href="Antonine_Maillet" title="Antonine Maillet">Antonine Maillet</a></li>

<li>1980 <a href="Yves_Navarre" title="Yves Navarre">Yves Navarre</a></li>

<li>1981 <a href="Lucien_Bodard" title="Lucien Bodard">Lucien Bodard</a></li>

<li>1982 <a href="Dominique_Fernandez" title="Dominique Fernandez">Dominique Fernandez</a></li>

<li>1983 <a href="Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rick_Tristan" title="Frédérick Tristan">Frédérick Tristan</a></li>

<li>1984 <a href="Marguerite_Duras" title="Marguerite Duras">Marguerite Duras</a></li>

<li>1985 <a href="Yann_Queff%C3%A9lec" title="Yann Queffélec">Yann Queffélec</a></li>

<li>1986 <a href="Michel_Host" title="Michel Host">Michel Host</a></li>

<li>1987 <a href="Tahar_Ben_Jelloun" title="Tahar Ben Jelloun">Tahar Ben Jelloun</a></li>

<li>1988 <a href="%C3%89rik_Orsenna" title="Érik Orsenna">Érik Orsenna</a></li>

<li>1989 <a href="Jean_Vautrin" title="Jean Vautrin">Jean Vautrin</a></li>

<li>1990 <a href="Jean_Rouaud" title="Jean Rouaud">Jean Rouaud</a></li>

<li>1991 <a href="Pierre_Combescot" title="Pierre Combescot">Pierre Combescot</a></li>

<li>1992 <a href="Patrick_Chamoiseau" title="Patrick Chamoiseau">Patrick Chamoiseau</a></li>

<li>1993 <a href="Amin_Maalouf" title="Amin Maalouf">Amin Maalouf</a></li>

<li>1994 <a href="Didier_Van_Cauwelaert" title="Didier Van Cauwelaert">Didier Van Cauwelaert</a></li>

<li>1995 <a href="Andre%C3%AF_Makine" title="Andreï Makine">Andreï Makine</a></li>

<li>1996 <a href="Pascale_Roze" title="Pascale Roze">Pascale Roze</a></li>

<li>1997 <a href="Patrick_Rambaud" title="Patrick Rambaud">Patrick Rambaud</a></li>

<li>1998 <a href="Paule_Constant" title="Paule Constant">Paule Constant</a></li>

<li>1999 <a href="Jean_Echenoz" title="Jean Echenoz">Jean Echenoz</a></li>

<li>2000 <a href="Jean-Jacques_Schuhl" title="Jean-Jacques Schuhl">Jean-Jacques Schuhl</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>2001 <a href="Jean-Christophe_Rufin" title="Jean-Christophe Rufin">Jean-Christophe Rufin</a></li>

<li>2003 <a href="Jacques-Pierre_Amette" title="Jacques-Pierre Amette">Jacques-Pierre Amette</a></li>

<li>2004 <a href="Laurent_Gaud%C3%A9" title="Laurent Gaudé">Laurent Gaudé</a></li>

<li>2005 <a href="Fran%C3%A7ois_Weyergans" title="François Weyergans">François Weyergans</a></li>

<li>2006 <a href="Jonathan_Littell" title="Jonathan Littell">Jonathan Littell</a></li>

<li>2007 <a href="Gilles_Leroy" title="Gilles Leroy">Gilles Leroy</a></li>

<li>2008 <a href="Atiq_Rahimi" title="Atiq Rahimi">Atiq Rahimi</a></li>

<li>2009 <a href="Marie_NDiaye" title="Marie NDiaye">Marie NDiaye</a></li>

<li>2010 <a href="Michel_Houellebecq" title="Michel Houellebecq">Michel Houellebecq</a></li>

<li>2011 <a href="Alexis_Jenni" title="Alexis Jenni">Alexis Jenni</a></li>

<li>2012 <a href="J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Ferrari" title="Jérôme Ferrari">Jérôme Ferrari</a></li>

<li>2013 <a href="Pierre_Lemaitre" title="Pierre Lemaitre">Pierre Lemaitre</a></li>

<li>2014 <a href="Lydie_Salvayre" title="Lydie Salvayre">Lydie Salvayre</a></li>

<li>2015 <a href="Mathias_%C3%89nard" title="Mathias Énard">Mathias Énard</a></li>

<li>2016 <a href="Le%C3%AFla_Slimani" title="Leïla Slimani">Leïla Slimani</a></li>

<li>2017 <a href="%C3%89ric_Vuillard" title="Éric Vuillard">Éric Vuillard</a></li>

<li>2018 <a href="Nicolas_Mathieu_(writer)" title="Nicolas Mathieu (writer)">Nicolas Mathieu</a></li>

<li>2019 <a href="Jean-Paul_Dubois" title="Jean-Paul Dubois">Jean-Paul Dubois</a></li>

<li>2020 <a href="Herv%C3%A9_Le_Tellier" title="Hervé Le Tellier">Hervé Le Tellier</a></li>

<li>2021 <a href="Mohamed_Mbougar_Sarr" title="Mohamed Mbougar Sarr">Mohamed Mbougar Sarr</a></li>

<li>2022 <a href="Brigitte_Giraud" title="Brigitte Giraud">Brigitte Giraud</a></li>

<li>2023 <a href="Jean-Baptiste_Andrea" title="Jean-Baptiste Andrea">Jean-Baptiste Andrea</a></li>

<li>2024 <a href="Kamel_Daoud" title="Kamel Daoud">Kamel Daoud</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Grand_Prix_du_roman_de_l&#039;Académie_française124" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Laureates_of_the_Grand_Prix_du_roman_de_l&#039;Académie_française124" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="Grand_Prix_du_roman_de_l'Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française">Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1915–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>1915 <a href="Paul_Acker" title="Paul Acker">Paul Acker</a></li>

<li>1916 Louis de Blois</li>

<li>1917 Charles Géniaux</li>

<li>1918 Camille Mayran</li>

<li>1919 <a href="Pierre_Benoit_(novelist)" title="Pierre Benoit (novelist)">Pierre Benoit</a></li>

<li>1920 <a href="Andr%C3%A9_Corthis" title="André Corthis">André Corthis</a></li>

<li>1921 Pierre Villetard</li>

<li>1922 <a href="Francis_Carco" title="Francis Carco">Francis Carco</a></li>

<li>1923 <a href="Alphonse_de_Ch%C3%A2teaubriant" title="Alphonse de Châteaubriant">Alphonse de Châteaubriant</a></li>

<li>1924 <a href="%C3%89mile_Henriot_(writer)" title="Émile Henriot (writer)">Émile Henriot</a></li>

<li>1925 <a href="Fran%C3%A7ois_Duhourcau" title="François Duhourcau">François Duhourcau</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>1926 <a href="Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a></li>

<li>1927 <a href="Joseph_Kessel" title="Joseph Kessel">Joseph Kessel</a></li>

<li>1928 Jean Balde</li>

<li>1929 André Demaison</li>

<li>1930 <a href="Jacques_de_Lacretelle" title="Jacques de Lacretelle">Jacques de Lacretelle</a></li>

<li>1931 <a href="Henri_Pourrat" title="Henri Pourrat">Henri Pourrat</a></li>

<li>1932 <a href="Jacques_Chardonne" title="Jacques Chardonne">Jacques Chardonne</a></li>

<li>1933 <a href="Roger_Chauvir%C3%A9" title="Roger Chauviré">Roger Chauviré</a></li>

<li>1934 <a href="Paule_R%C3%A9gnier" title="Paule Régnier">Paule Régnier</a></li>

<li>1935 <a href="Albert_Touchard" title="Albert Touchard">Albert Touchard</a></li>

<li>1936 <a href="Georges_Bernanos" title="Georges Bernanos">Georges Bernanos</a></li>

<li>1937 <a href="Guy_de_Pourtal%C3%A8s" title="Guy de Pourtalès">Guy de Pourtalès</a></li>

<li>1938 <a href="Jean_de_La_Varende" title="Jean de La Varende">Jean de La Varende</a></li>

<li>1939 <a href="Antoine_de_Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry" title="Antoine de Saint-Exupéry">Antoine de Saint-Exupéry</a></li>

<li>1940 Édouard Peisson</li>

<li>1941 <a href="Robert_Bourget-Pailleron" title="Robert Bourget-Pailleron">Robert Bourget-Pailleron</a></li>

<li>1942 <a href="Jean_Blanzat" title="Jean Blanzat">Jean Blanzat</a></li>

<li>1943 Joseph-Henri Louwyck</li>

<li>1944 Pierre Lagarde</li>

<li>1945 Marc Blancpain</li>

<li>1946 Jean Orieux</li>

<li>1947 <a href="Philippe_H%C3%A9riat" title="Philippe Hériat">Philippe Hériat</a></li>

<li>1948 Yves Gandon</li>

<li>1949 <a href="Yvonne_Pagniez" title="Yvonne Pagniez">Yvonne Pagniez</a></li>

<li>1950 <a href="Joseph_Jolinon" title="Joseph Jolinon">Joseph Jolinon</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>1951 <a href="Bernard_Barbey" title="Bernard Barbey">Bernard Barbey</a></li>

<li>1952 Henri Castillou</li>

<li>1953 <a href="Jean_Hougron" title="Jean Hougron">Jean Hougron</a></li>

<li>1954 <a href="Pierre_Moinot" title="Pierre Moinot">Pierre Moinot</a> / Paul Mousset</li>

<li>1955 Michel de Saint Pierre</li>

<li>1957 <a href="Jacques_de_Bourbon_Busset" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques de Bourbon Busset">Jacques de Bourbon Busset</a></li>

<li>1958 <a href="Henri_Queff%C3%A9lec" title="Henri Queffélec">Henri Queffélec</a></li>

<li>1959 <a href="Gabriel_d'Aubar%C3%A8de" title="Gabriel d'Aubarède">Gabriel d'Aubarède</a></li>

<li>1960 Christian Murciaux</li>

<li>1962 <a href="Michel_Mohrt" title="Michel Mohrt">Michel Mohrt</a></li>

<li>1963 <a href="Robert_Margerit" title="Robert Margerit">Robert Margerit</a></li>

<li>1964 <a href="Michel_Droit" title="Michel Droit">Michel Droit</a></li>

<li>1965 Jean Husson</li>

<li>1966 <a href="Fran%C3%A7ois_Nourissier" title="François Nourissier">François Nourissier</a></li>

<li>1967 <a href="Michel_Tournier" title="Michel Tournier">Michel Tournier</a></li>

<li>1968 <a href="Albert_Cohen_(novelist)" title="Albert Cohen (novelist)">Albert Cohen</a></li>

<li>1969 <a href="Pierre_Moustiers" title="Pierre Moustiers">Pierre Moustiers</a></li>

<li>1970 <a href="Bertrand_Poirot-Delpech" title="Bertrand Poirot-Delpech">Bertrand Poirot-Delpech</a></li>

<li>1971 <a href="Jean_d'Ormesson" title="Jean d'Ormesson">Jean d'Ormesson</a></li>

<li>1972 <a href="Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Patrick Modiano</a></li>

<li>1973 <a href="Michel_D%C3%A9on" title="Michel Déon">Michel Déon</a></li>

<li>1974 <a href="Kl%C3%A9ber_Haedens" title="Kléber Haedens">Kléber Haedens</a></li>

<ul><li>1976 <a href="Pierre_Schoendoerffer" title="Pierre Schoendoerffer">Pierre Schoendoerffer</a></li>

<li>1977 <a href="Camille_Bourniquel" title="Camille Bourniquel">Camille Bourniquel</a></li>

<li>1978 <a href="Pascal_Jardin" title="Pascal Jardin">Pascal Jardin</a></li>

<li>1979 <a href="Henri_Coulonges" title="Henri Coulonges">Henri Coulonges</a></li>

<li>1980 <a href="Louis_Gardel" title="Louis Gardel">Louis Gardel</a></li>

<li>1981 <a href="Jean_Raspail" title="Jean Raspail">Jean Raspail</a></li>

<li>1982 <a href="Vladimir_Volkoff" title="Vladimir Volkoff">Vladimir Volkoff</a></li>

<li>1983 Liliane Guignabodet</li>

<li>1984 Jacques-Francis Rolland</li>

<li>1985 <a href="Patrick_Besson" title="Patrick Besson">Patrick Besson</a></li>

<li>1986 <a href="Pierre-Jean_R%C3%A9my" title="Pierre-Jean Rémy">Pierre-Jean Rémy</a></li>

<li>1987 <a href="Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rique_H%C3%A9brard" title="Frédérique Hébrard">Frédérique Hébrard</a></li>

<li>1988 <a href="Fran%C3%A7ois-Olivier_Rousseau" title="François-Olivier Rousseau">François-Olivier Rousseau</a></li>

<li>1989 <a href="Genevi%C3%A8ve_Dormann" title="Geneviève Dormann">Geneviève Dormann</a></li>

<li>1990 <a href="Paule_Constant" title="Paule Constant">Paule Constant</a></li>

<li>1991 <a href="Fran%C3%A7ois_Sureau" title="François Sureau">François Sureau</a></li>

<li>1992 <a href="Franz-Olivier_Giesbert" title="Franz-Olivier Giesbert">Franz-Olivier Giesbert</a></li>

<li>1993 <a href="Philippe_Beaussant" title="Philippe Beaussant">Philippe Beaussant</a></li>

<li>1994 <a href="Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Vitoux_(writer)" title="Frédéric Vitoux (writer)">Frédéric Vitoux</a></li>

<li>1995 <a href="Alphonse_Boudard" title="Alphonse Boudard">Alphonse Boudard</a></li>

<li>1996 <a href="Calixthe_Beyala" title="Calixthe Beyala">Calixthe Beyala</a></li>

<li>1997 <a href="Patrick_Rambaud" title="Patrick Rambaud">Patrick Rambaud</a></li>

<li>1998 <a href="Anne_Wiazemsky" title="Anne Wiazemsky">Anne Wiazemsky</a></li>

<li>1999 <a href="Fran%C3%A7ois_Taillandier" title="François Taillandier">François Taillandier</a> / <a href="Am%C3%A9lie_Nothomb" title="Amélie Nothomb">Amélie Nothomb</a></li>

<ul><li>2001 <a href="%C3%89ric_Neuhoff" title="Éric Neuhoff">Éric Neuhoff</a></li>

<li>2002 <a href="Marie_Ferranti" title="Marie Ferranti">Marie Ferranti</a></li>

<li>2003 <a href="Jean-No%C3%ABl_Pancrazi" title="Jean-Noël Pancrazi">Jean-Noël Pancrazi</a></li>

<li>2004 <a href="Bernard_du_Boucheron" title="Bernard du Boucheron">Bernard du Boucheron</a></li>

<li>2005 Henriette Jelinek</li>

<li>2006 <a href="Jonathan_Littell" title="Jonathan Littell">Jonathan Littell</a></li>

<li>2007 <a href="Vassilis_Alexakis" title="Vassilis Alexakis">Vassilis Alexakis</a></li>

<li>2008 Marc Bressant</li>

<li>2009 <a href="Pierre_Michon" title="Pierre Michon">Pierre Michon</a></li>

<li>2011 <a href="Sorj_Chalandon" title="Sorj Chalandon">Sorj Chalandon</a></li>

<li>2012 <a href="Jo%C3%ABl_Dicker" title="Joël Dicker">Joël Dicker</a></li>

<li>2013 Christophe Ono-dit-Biot</li>

<li>2014 Adrien Bosc</li>

<li>2015 <a href="H%C3%A9di_Kaddour" title="Hédi Kaddour">Hédi Kaddour</a> / <a href="Boualem_Sansal" title="Boualem Sansal">Boualem Sansal</a></li>

<li>2016 <a href="Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_de_Clermont-Tonnerre" title="Adélaïde de Clermont-Tonnerre">Adélaïde de Clermont-Tonnerre</a></li>

<li>2017 <a href="Daniel_Rondeau" title="Daniel Rondeau">Daniel Rondeau</a></li>

<li>2018 <a href="Camille_Pascal" title="Camille Pascal">Camille Pascal</a></li>

<li>2019 <a href="Laurent_Binet" title="Laurent Binet">Laurent Binet</a></li>

<li>2020 <a href="%C3%89tienne_de_Montety" title="Étienne de Montety">Étienne de Montety</a></li>

<li>2021 <a href="Fran%C3%A7ois-Henri_D%C3%A9s%C3%A9rable" title="François-Henri Désérable">François-Henri Désérable</a></li>

<li>2022 <a href="Giuliano_da_Empoli" title="Giuliano da Empoli">Giuliano da Empoli</a></li>

<li>2023 <a href="Dominique_Barb%C3%A9ris" title="Dominique Barbéris">Dominique Barbéris</a></li>

<li>2024 Miguel Bonnefoy</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423298#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3687" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423298#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3687" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122840586">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/109400350">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/17173">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJp6ckP3jq4Xd48B39hGpP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119490684">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50050553">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11920885p">France</a></li><li><a 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href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90065622">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000226513&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000077523&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=68155">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199622320">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/64jmq4wq23r12zp">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810530550605606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007303285105171">Israel</a></li><li><a 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/952724">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/119490684.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119490684">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027086267">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6z32q8k">SNAC</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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